Academic Citations

Published instruments and sources that Depth Profile assessments draw on. Our questions are adapted or shortened from these sources and have not been independently validated.

Important: Depth Profile is a self-assessment tool, not a clinical diagnostic instrument. Screening results (PHQ-9, GAD-7, PCL-5, ASRS, OCI-R) are intended for informational purposes and do not constitute a medical diagnosis. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for clinical evaluation and treatment.

Personality Frameworks

Big Five / IPIP item pool

IPIP

Goldberg, L.R., Johnson, J.A., Eber, H.W., et al. (2006). The International Personality Item Pool and the future of public-domain personality measures. Journal of Research in Personality, 40(1), 84-96. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2005.08.007

Public domain. 75 items across 5 domains (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism).

HEXACO Personality Inventory

HEXACO-24

Ashton, M.C. & Lee, K. (2009). The HEXACO-60: A short measure of the major dimensions of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91(4), 340-345. doi:10.1080/10705510903028417

24 items (4 per factor). Adds Honesty-Humility dimension to Big Five framework.

PID-5 Brief Form

PID-5-BF

Krueger, R.F., Derringer, J., Markon, K.E., Watson, D., & Skodol, A.E. (2012). Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1879-1890. doi:10.1017/S0033291711002674

Public domain (APA). 25 items measuring 5 maladaptive trait domains per DSM-5 Section III.

Short Dark Triad

SD3

Jones, D.N. & Paulhus, D.L. (2014). Introducing the Short Dark Triad (SD3): A brief measure of dark personality traits. Assessment, 21(1), 28-41. doi:10.1177/1073191113514105

27 items measuring Machiavellianism, Narcissism, and Psychopathy.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

MBTI (approx.)

Myers, I.B. & Briggs, K.C. (1962). The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Manual. Consulting Psychologists Press.

Depth Profile derives MBTI as a rough resonance approximation from Big Five scores (~50-65% concordance).

Clinical Screening

Patient Health Questionnaire-9

PHQ-9

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R.L., & Williams, J.B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613. doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Public domain. 9 items, 0-3 scale. Cutoffs: 5 mild, 10 moderate, 15 moderately severe, 20 severe.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7

GAD-7

Spitzer, R.L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J.B., & Löwe, B. (2006). A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: The GAD-7. Archives of Internal Medicine, 166(10), 1092-1097. doi:10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092

Public domain. 7 items, 0-3 scale. Cutoffs: 5 mild, 10 moderate, 15 severe.

PTSD Checklist for DSM-5

PCL-5

Weathers, F.W., Litz, B.T., Keane, T.M., Palmieri, P.A., Marx, B.P., & Schnurr, P.P. (2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). National Center for PTSD.

Public domain (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs). 20 items, 0-4 scale. Clinical cutoff: 31-33.

Adverse Childhood Experiences

ACE

Felitti, V.J., Anda, R.F., Nordenberg, D., et al. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14(4), 245-258. doi:10.1016/S0749-3797(98)00017-8

Public domain. 10 yes/no items. Higher scores associated with increased health risks.

Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale

ASRS v1.1

Kessler, R.C., Adler, L., Ames, M., et al. (2005). The World Health Organization Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Psychological Medicine, 35(2), 245-256. doi:10.1017/S0033291704002892

WHO instrument. 18 items (6 screener + 12 supplemental). Part A screens for ADHD likelihood.

Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised

OCI-R

Foa, E.B., Huppert, J.D., Leiberg, S., et al. (2002). The Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14(4), 485-496. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485

18 items, 0-4 scale. Six subscales. Clinical cutoff: total score ≥ 21.

Self-Compassion & Wellbeing

Self-Compassion Scale

SCS

Neff, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. doi:10.1080/15298860309027

26 items, 1-5 scale. Six subscales: Self-Kindness, Self-Judgment, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness, Over-Identification.

Career Assessment

RIASEC / Holland Codes

RIASEC-30

Holland, J.L. (1997). Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (3rd ed.). Psychological Assessment Resources.

30 items (5 per RIASEC type). Outputs three-letter Holland Code (e.g., "ISA").

Relationships

Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised

ECR-R

Fraley, R.C., Waller, N.G., & Brennan, K.A. (2000). An item response theory analysis of self-report measures of adult attachment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(2), 350-365. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.2.350

36 items. Two dimensions: Attachment Anxiety and Attachment Avoidance. Four attachment styles.

Neurodiversity

Highly Sensitive Person Scale

HSP

Aron, E.N. & Aron, A. (1997). Sensory-processing sensitivity and its relation to introversion and emotionality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(2), 345-368. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.73.2.345

27 items. Three factors: Ease of Excitation, Aesthetic Sensitivity, Low Sensory Threshold.

HSP Factor Structure

HSP Factors

Smolewska, K.A., McCabe, S.B., & Woody, E.Z. (2006). A psychometric evaluation of the Highly Sensitive Person Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(6), 1269-1279. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.09.020

Factor analysis identifying three-factor structure of HSP Scale.